Knowns and Unknowns

Known Knows: the things you know for sure (e.g. facts, rules, how to)

Known Unknowns: the gaps in knowledge you are aware of. You might consider taking a course, ask an expert for help, or wait and see how the situation unfolds. Know Unknowns are manageable risks.

Unknown Knowns: things you are unaware of and not thinking about. These are hidden blind spots for which existing solutions exist. In any situation, you want to minimise Unknown Knowns by asking for expert opinions and conducting research.

Unknown Unknowns: these represent the least obvious risks that no one knows about, and there are no readily available answers.